James et al. systematically evaluated 180 runners with 232 conditions to characterize injury patterns, biomechanical causes, and treatment outcomes. The paper asks: what causes running injuries, how should the lower extremity be examined, and which non-operative interventions actually work? It introduced a structured protocol for measuring subtalar neutral position and leg-heel-forefoot alignment that became standard in biomechanical assessment.
James et al. systematically evaluated 180 runners with 232 conditions to characterize injury patterns, biomechanical causes, and treatment outcomes. The paper asks: what causes running injuries, how should the lower extremity be examined, and which non-operative interventions actually work? It introduced a structured protocol for measuring subtalar neutral position and leg-heel-forefoot alignment that became standard in biomechanical assessment.