This 2011 narrative review synthesizes evidence on proinflammatory cytokines as central drivers of OA pathophysiology. It focuses on IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 as the primary mediators of cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. It also evaluates the translational potential of anticytokine therapies based on preclinical and early clinical trial data.
This 2011 narrative review synthesizes evidence on proinflammatory cytokines as central drivers of OA pathophysiology. It focuses on IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 as the primary mediators of cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. It also evaluates the translational potential of anticytokine therapies based on preclinical and early clinical trial data.