Albrektsson and colleagues tested whether cement-free titanium screws achieve and maintain direct bone-to-implant contact in humans, and which conditions are required. Retrieval study of 38 stable, integrated screws removed from 18 patients, drawn from 2895 jaw and 124 tibial, temporal or iliac implants, examined by X-ray, SEM, TEM and histology.
Albrektsson and colleagues tested whether cement-free titanium screws achieve and maintain direct bone-to-implant contact in humans, and which conditions are required. Retrieval study of 38 stable, integrated screws removed from 18 patients, drawn from 2895 jaw and 124 tibial, temporal or iliac implants, examined by X-ray, SEM, TEM and histology.