Jackson, N Engl J Med 2006 - Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures - Article Summary

Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures

Jackson, Women's Health Initiative Investigators, et al.·N Engl J Med·2006·1,886 citations·RCT

Background

The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal.

Methods

We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial.
We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo.
Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years.
Bone density was measured at three WHI centers.

Results

Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01).
Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02).
The risk of renal calculi increased with calcium plus vitamin D (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34).
Censoring data from women when they ceased to adhere to the study medication reduced the hazard ratio for hip fracture to 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.97).
Effects did not vary significantly according to prerandomization serum vitamin D levels.

Conclusions

Among healthy postmenopausal women, calcium with vitamin D supplementation resulted in a small but significant improvement in hip bone density, did not significantly reduce hip fracture, and increased the risk of kidney stones.

Core

Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures

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Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures

Jackson, Women's Health Initiative Investigators, et al.·N Engl J Med·2006·1,886 citations·RCT

Free Full Text·DOI·PubMed

Background

The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal.

Methods

We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial.
We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo.
Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years.
Bone density was measured at three WHI centers.

Results

Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01).
Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02).
The risk of renal calculi increased with calcium plus vitamin D (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34).
Censoring data from women when they ceased to adhere to the study medication reduced the hazard ratio for hip fracture to 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.97).
Effects did not vary significantly according to prerandomization serum vitamin D levels.

Conclusions

Background

The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal.

Methods

We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial.
We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo.
Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years.
Bone density was measured at three WHI centers.

Results

Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01).
Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02).
The risk of renal calculi increased with calcium plus vitamin D (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34).
Censoring data from women when they ceased to adhere to the study medication reduced the hazard ratio for hip fracture to 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.97).
Effects did not vary significantly according to prerandomization serum vitamin D levels.

Conclusions

Background

The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal.

Methods

We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial.
We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo.
Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years.
Bone density was measured at three WHI centers.

Results

Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01).
Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02).
The risk of renal calculi increased with calcium plus vitamin D (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34).
Censoring data from women when they ceased to adhere to the study medication reduced the hazard ratio for hip fracture to 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.97).
Effects did not vary significantly according to prerandomization serum vitamin D levels.