Heckmann, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018 - Late Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Spinopelvic Imbalance as a Causative Factor

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Late Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Spinopelvic Imbalance as a Causative Factor

Heckmann, Dorr, et al.·J Bone Joint Surg Am·2018·248 citations·Case series

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Background

Late dislocations after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are challenging for the hip surgeon because the cause is often not evident and recurrence is common. Recently, decreased spinopelvic motion has been implicated as a cause of dislocation. The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical causes of late dislocation, including the influence of spinopelvic motion.

Methods

20 consecutive patients were studied to identify the cause of their late dislocation.
Cup inclination and anteversion were measured on standard pelvic radiographs.
Lateral standing and sitting spine-pelvis-hip radiographs were used to measure pelvic motion, femoral mobility, and sagittal cup position by assessing sacral slope, pelvic-femoral angle, and cup ante-inclination.
Spinopelvic motion was defined as the difference between the standing and sitting sacral slopes (Δsacral slope).
A new measurement, the combined sagittal index, which measures the sagittal acetabular and femoral positions, was used to assess the functional motion of the hip joint and risk of impingement.

Results

There were 9 anterior dislocations (45%) and 11 posterior dislocations (55%) at a mean of 8.3 years after a primary THA.
8 of the 9 patients with an anterior dislocation had spinopelvic abnormalities such as fixed posterior pelvic tilt when standing, increased standing femoral extension, and an increased standing combined sagittal index.
10 of the 11 patients with a posterior dislocation had abnormal spinopelvic measurements such as decreased spinopelvic motion (average Δsacral slope [and standard error] = 9.0° ± 2.4°), increased femoral flexion, and a decreased sitting combined sagittal index.
For every 1° decrease in spinopelvic motion, there was an associated 0.9° increase in femoral motion and, in some patients, this resulted in osseous impingement and dislocation.

Conclusions

Patients with a late dislocation have abnormal spinopelvic motion that precipitates the dislocation, especially when combined with cup malposition or soft-tissue abnormalities. Spinopelvic stiffness is associated with increased age and increased femoral motion, which may lead to impingement and dislocation. Lateral spine-pelvis-hip radiographs may predict the risk and direction of dislocation.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. Copyright remains with the authors and publisher.

Late Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Spinopelvic Imbalance as a Causative Factor.

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Late Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Spinopelvic Imbalance as a Causative Factor

Heckmann, Dorr, et al.·J Bone Joint Surg Am·2018·248 citations·Case series

Free Full Text·DOI·PubMed

|

Background

Late dislocations after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are challenging for the hip surgeon because the cause is often not evident and recurrence is common. Recently, decreased spinopelvic motion has been implicated as a cause of dislocation. The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical causes of late dislocation, including the influence of spinopelvic motion.

Methods

20 consecutive patients were studied to identify the cause of their late dislocation.
Cup inclination and anteversion were measured on standard pelvic radiographs.
Lateral standing and sitting spine-pelvis-hip radiographs were used to measure pelvic motion, femoral mobility, and sagittal cup position by assessing sacral slope, pelvic-femoral angle, and cup ante-inclination.
Spinopelvic motion was defined as the difference between the standing and sitting sacral slopes (Δsacral slope).
A new measurement, the combined sagittal index, which measures the sagittal acetabular and femoral positions, was used to assess the functional motion of the hip joint and risk of impingement.

Results

There were 9 anterior dislocations (45%) and 11 posterior dislocations (55%) at a mean of 8.3 years after a primary THA.
8 of the 9 patients with an anterior dislocation had spinopelvic abnormalities such as fixed posterior pelvic tilt when standing, increased standing femoral extension, and an increased standing combined sagittal index.
10 of the 11 patients with a posterior dislocation had abnormal spinopelvic measurements such as decreased spinopelvic motion (average Δsacral slope [and standard error] = 9.0° ± 2.4°), increased femoral flexion, and a decreased sitting combined sagittal index.
For every 1° decrease in spinopelvic motion, there was an associated 0.9° increase in femoral motion and, in some patients, this resulted in osseous impingement and dislocation.

Conclusions

Patients with a late dislocation have abnormal spinopelvic motion that precipitates the dislocation, especially when combined with cup malposition or soft-tissue abnormalities. Spinopelvic stiffness is associated with increased age and increased femoral motion, which may lead to impingement and dislocation. Lateral spine-pelvis-hip radiographs may predict the risk and direction of dislocation.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. Copyright remains with the authors and publisher.

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