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Effect of High-Volume Injection, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Sham Treatment in Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: a Randomized Double-Blinded Prospective Study.

·Am J Sports Med·2017·253 citations·Foot & Ankle
DOI·PubMed
SummaryAbstract on PubMed →

Double-blinded RCT in 60 men with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. All did eccentric training, then received either one high-volume injection, four PRP injections, or sham saline. It asks whether adding HVI or PRP to eccentric loading improves pain, function, and tendon structure over training alone.

Study Snapshot

Design
Double-blinded RCT
Blinding: Double-blind
Setting: Single-center sports medicine institute, Copenhagen
Funding: Industry (Arthrex)
Objective
Whether adding HVI or PRP to eccentric training improves pain and function in chronic Achilles tendinopathy
Outcome(s)
VISA-A score change at 6, 12, and 24 weeks
Subjects
60 men (57 completed), 19 per group
  • 20One high-volume injection: steroid, saline, anesthetic
  • 20Four PRP injections 14 days apart
  • 20Sham saline injection
Inclusion
  • Healthy males, age 18-59
  • Chronic midportion AT >3 months
  • US tendon thickening and vascularity
Exclusion
  • Insertional disorder or tendon rupture
  • Diabetes or cardiovascular disease
  • Prior steroid, blood product, or fluoroquinolone in 6 months
Follow-up
24 weeks
Statistics
Repeated-measures ANOVAStudent-Newman-KeulsChi-square

Key Findings

  • HVI drove the largest early gains in function: VISA-A rose 27 points at 6 weeks vs 14 for PRP and 10 for placebo (P < .01). The same edge held at 12 weeks, so for fast relief HVI is the front-runner.
  • By 24 weeks the picture evened out. Both HVI (22 points) and PRP (20 points) beat placebo (9 points) on VISA-A (P < .01), but the HVI-PRP gap closed, meaning PRP catches up over time.
  • Pain dropped most with HVI early: VAS fell 48.5 mm at 6 weeks vs 37 mm for PRP and 22.5 mm for placebo (P < .05). Both injection groups stayed ahead of placebo at every time point.
  • Tendon thickness shrank only in the HVI and PRP groups, not placebo. HVI led at 6 weeks with a 1.9 mm decrease vs 0.5 mm for PRP, showing a structural and not just symptomatic effect.
  • Doppler vascularity collapsed fastest with HVI, dropping from grade 3.2 to 0.8 by 6 weeks, consistent with mechanical disruption of neovessels. No statistics were run on this semiquantitative measure.
  • Satisfaction favored HVI early (84% vs 35% placebo at 12 weeks) but HVI satisfaction then fell to 63% by 24 weeks while placebo climbed to 42%, hinting the steroid effect may wane.
  • This is the first RCT to show PRP beating placebo in Achilles tendinopathy, attributed to a 4-injection protocol rather than the single injection used in earlier negative trials.
Board PearlAdding high-volume injection or PRP to eccentric training beats eccentric training alone in chronic Achilles tendinopathy, with HVI winning in the short term.

Clinical Relevance

When a patient with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy has failed eccentric loading alone, this trial supports adding an injection rather than just continuing exercise.

The decision rule: if you need fast pain and function gains, HVI delivers the biggest short-term win at 6 and 12 weeks. By 24 weeks PRP catches up, so the choice is partly about timeline and injection burden (one HVI vs four PRP visits).

Note the catch with HVI: it contains steroid, and steroid tendinopathy outcomes are worse long-term than exercise. HVI satisfaction already dipped from 84% to 63% between 12 and 24 weeks, raising the worry that early gains erode and that a too-fast return to sport could risk rupture.

For boards, anchor the framework: eccentric loading is the foundation, neovascularization near Kager's fat pad drives pain, and VISA-A is the outcome tool. This is the first RCT showing PRP beats placebo in Achilles tendinopathy, credited to a 4-injection protocol.

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|

Effect of High-Volume Injection, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Sham Treatment in Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: a Randomized Double-Blinded Prospective Study.

·Am J Sports Med·2017·253 citations·Foot & Ankle
DOI·PubMed
SummaryAbstract on PubMed →

Double-blinded RCT in 60 men with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. All did eccentric training, then received either one high-volume injection, four PRP injections, or sham saline. It asks whether adding HVI or PRP to eccentric loading improves pain, function, and tendon structure over training alone.

Study Snapshot

Design
Double-blinded RCT
Blinding: Double-blind
Setting: Single-center sports medicine institute, Copenhagen
Funding: Industry (Arthrex)
Objective
Whether adding HVI or PRP to eccentric training improves pain and function in chronic Achilles tendinopathy
Outcome(s)
VISA-A score change at 6, 12, and 24 weeks
Subjects
60 men (57 completed), 19 per group
  • 20One high-volume injection: steroid, saline, anesthetic
  • 20Four PRP injections 14 days apart
  • 20Sham saline injection
Inclusion
  • Healthy males, age 18-59
  • Chronic midportion AT >3 months
  • US tendon thickening and vascularity
Exclusion
  • Insertional disorder or tendon rupture
  • Diabetes or cardiovascular disease
  • Prior steroid, blood product, or fluoroquinolone in 6 months
Follow-up
24 weeks
Statistics
Repeated-measures ANOVAStudent-Newman-KeulsChi-square

Key Findings

  • HVI drove the largest early gains in function: VISA-A rose 27 points at 6 weeks vs 14 for PRP and 10 for placebo (P < .01). The same edge held at 12 weeks, so for fast relief HVI is the front-runner.
  • By 24 weeks the picture evened out. Both HVI (22 points) and PRP (20 points) beat placebo (9 points) on VISA-A (P < .01), but the HVI-PRP gap closed, meaning PRP catches up over time.
  • Pain dropped most with HVI early: VAS fell 48.5 mm at 6 weeks vs 37 mm for PRP and 22.5 mm for placebo (P < .05). Both injection groups stayed ahead of placebo at every time point.
  • Tendon thickness shrank only in the HVI and PRP groups, not placebo. HVI led at 6 weeks with a 1.9 mm decrease vs 0.5 mm for PRP, showing a structural and not just symptomatic effect.
  • Doppler vascularity collapsed fastest with HVI, dropping from grade 3.2 to 0.8 by 6 weeks, consistent with mechanical disruption of neovessels. No statistics were run on this semiquantitative measure.
  • Satisfaction favored HVI early (84% vs 35% placebo at 12 weeks) but HVI satisfaction then fell to 63% by 24 weeks while placebo climbed to 42%, hinting the steroid effect may wane.
  • This is the first RCT to show PRP beating placebo in Achilles tendinopathy, attributed to a 4-injection protocol rather than the single injection used in earlier negative trials.
Board PearlAdding high-volume injection or PRP to eccentric training beats eccentric training alone in chronic Achilles tendinopathy, with HVI winning in the short term.

Clinical Relevance

When a patient with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy has failed eccentric loading alone, this trial supports adding an injection rather than just continuing exercise.

The decision rule: if you need fast pain and function gains, HVI delivers the biggest short-term win at 6 and 12 weeks. By 24 weeks PRP catches up, so the choice is partly about timeline and injection burden (one HVI vs four PRP visits).

Note the catch with HVI: it contains steroid, and steroid tendinopathy outcomes are worse long-term than exercise. HVI satisfaction already dipped from 84% to 63% between 12 and 24 weeks, raising the worry that early gains erode and that a too-fast return to sport could risk rupture.

For boards, anchor the framework: eccentric loading is the foundation, neovascularization near Kager's fat pad drives pain, and VISA-A is the outcome tool. This is the first RCT showing PRP beats placebo in Achilles tendinopathy, credited to a 4-injection protocol.

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