Cadaveric biomechanics study using Hall-effect strain transducers in 6 shoulders to quantify which glenohumeral ligaments bear the most strain — and therefore provide primary anterior restraint — when external rotation torque is applied at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction.
When a patient has instability symptoms specifically in the abducted, externally rotated position — the classic apprehension posture — the IGHL anterosuperior band is the primary structure at fault, and surgical repair must restore its integrity.
If the MGHL is also attenuated or avulsed, address it too: this study shows it is a significant secondary stabilizer across all abduction angles.
Cadaveric biomechanics study using Hall-effect strain transducers in 6 shoulders to quantify which glenohumeral ligaments bear the most strain — and therefore provide primary anterior restraint — when external rotation torque is applied at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction.
When a patient has instability symptoms specifically in the abducted, externally rotated position — the classic apprehension posture — the IGHL anterosuperior band is the primary structure at fault, and surgical repair must restore its integrity.
If the MGHL is also attenuated or avulsed, address it too: this study shows it is a significant secondary stabilizer across all abduction angles.