Moreland et al. used standardized full-length standing radiographs in 25 healthy young men to define quantitative normative values for lower extremity axial alignment — specifically the angular relationships between mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur and tibia — to inform surgical alignment targets in total knee arthroplasty.
When evaluating lower extremity alignment, remember that 1-2 degrees of varus at the knee is normal. This study's reference values help distinguish pathologic malalignment from normal anatomic variation in your surgical planning.
Moreland et al. used standardized full-length standing radiographs in 25 healthy young men to define quantitative normative values for lower extremity axial alignment — specifically the angular relationships between mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur and tibia — to inform surgical alignment targets in total knee arthroplasty.
When evaluating lower extremity alignment, remember that 1-2 degrees of varus at the knee is normal. This study's reference values help distinguish pathologic malalignment from normal anatomic variation in your surgical planning.