This 2003 review by Foley, Holly, and Schwender surveys emerging minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion — including laparoscopic and mini-open ALIF, PLIF, TLIF, posterolateral onlay fusion, and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation — and presents the authors' preliminary case series results for each approach.
Understanding this foundational work helps trainees appreciate how minimally invasive spine surgery evolved and the importance of long-term outcome data when adopting new surgical approaches.
This 2003 review by Foley, Holly, and Schwender surveys emerging minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion — including laparoscopic and mini-open ALIF, PLIF, TLIF, posterolateral onlay fusion, and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation — and presents the authors' preliminary case series results for each approach.
Understanding this foundational work helps trainees appreciate how minimally invasive spine surgery evolved and the importance of long-term outcome data when adopting new surgical approaches.