The field of gross anatomy has been so well covered in the last century , and the dissecting knife and the method of frozen sections have enabled the anatomist to see so much of the internal structure of the body, that little has been left in this direction to the province of the Roentgen ray. This does not apply, however, to pathological conditions of the bone in the living, for there the X-ray can do what the knife and frozen section cannot. For this reason it is important to have a knowledge of the normal X-ray anatomy of the bones, for the X:ray picture differs both from the photograph of the bare bones and from the frozen section, as it shows outline, internal structure and differences in density. The series + of skiagraphs which I have taken of the normal joints hate their chief value from this point of view, as they show what may be considered the normal X-ray anatomy. The skiagraphs accompanying this article were all taken from the cadaver (most of them from the same subject) by using a focus tube stimulated with a 7-inch spark induction coil. The current was about 15 amperes, with a pressure of 4 volts in the primary coil. The break used was between copper surfaces immersed in distilled water. In looking at skiagraphs there are several distortions and inaccuracies which must be borne in mind. One essential for a good skia-graph is an accurately focussed tube. The cathode rays are focussed * This p a p e r is t h e r e p o r t by t h e a u t h o r to the C o m m i t t e e on the Bullard F e l l o w s h i p of the H a r v a r d Medical School, May 1, 1897. t R e f e r r i n g to album p r e s e n t e d w i t h t h i s r e p o r t to t h e Committee on t h e Bullard Fellowship a.nd n o w in the W a r r e n Museum.
Copyright remains with the authors and publisher.
The field of gross anatomy has been so well covered in the last century , and the dissecting knife and the method of frozen sections have enabled the anatomist to see so much of the internal structure of the body, that little has been left in this direction to the province of the Roentgen ray. This does not apply, however, to pathological conditions of the bone in the living, for there the X-ray can do what the knife and frozen section cannot. For this reason it is important to have a knowledge of the normal X-ray anatomy of the bones, for the X:ray picture differs both from the photograph of the bare bones and from the frozen section, as it shows outline, internal structure and differences in density. The series + of skiagraphs which I have taken of the normal joints hate their chief value from this point of view, as they show what may be considered the normal X-ray anatomy. The skiagraphs accompanying this article were all taken from the cadaver (most of them from the same subject) by using a focus tube stimulated with a 7-inch spark induction coil. The current was about 15 amperes, with a pressure of 4 volts in the primary coil. The break used was between copper surfaces immersed in distilled water. In looking at skiagraphs there are several distortions and inaccuracies which must be borne in mind. One essential for a good skia-graph is an accurately focussed tube. The cathode rays are focussed * This p a p e r is t h e r e p o r t by t h e a u t h o r to the C o m m i t t e e on the Bullard F e l l o w s h i p of the H a r v a r d Medical School, May 1, 1897. t R e f e r r i n g to album p r e s e n t e d w i t h t h i s r e p o r t to t h e Committee on t h e Bullard Fellowship a.nd n o w in the W a r r e n Museum.
Copyright remains with the authors and publisher.